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Congo: information and action

By Fred • Nov 4th, 2008 • Category: Action, Features


New arrivals in a camp for displaced people in the market town of Masisi, North Kivu, last December. Having offered a semblance of refuge from the fighting and lawlessness surrounding it, Masisi was emptied by fighting in September 2008. (Photo by Fred.)

The last time eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) had this much media attention, it was full of refugees from Rwanda who had arrived intermingled with the extremist officials and militia groups that had orchestrated the 1994 genocide. (People who are armed or have committed crimes against humanity aren’t eligible for refugee status under international law, but neither the Congolese authorities nor the UN prevented the genocidaires from keeping their weapons and running the camps.) There were stories of cholera outbreaks and a massive relief operation, but then the news moved on. There was very little coverage or outcry when the same exiled genocidaires staged gruesome raids on Rwanda, or when in 1996 the new Rwandan army crossed the border and carried out massacres of its own, hunting down Rwandan Hutu rebels and refugees alike before sending some 600,000 back to Rwanda.

That was the opening act of two really nasty wars, followed by a power-sharing agreement and a transition to democracy. But these achievements were built on flimsy foundations, and were not shored up by meaningful reforms and effective nationally-led efforts to improve security, end impunity and improve living conditions. All manner of foreign and home-grown armed groups flourished in the security vacuum and profited by selling Congo’s fantastic mineral and timber wealth to the highest bidders.

Now the international press is back in Goma in numbers that seem remarkable, given stiff competition from the financial markets and the US elections. So there is much more material than usual to draw on for the background material and news articles below.  But some humanitarian workers are also uniquely placed to report on the consequences of the violence, as Helen O’Neill of MSF does here (audio):

“One week there is a bustling village and the next week our mobile medical teams return to discover it’s completely empty - a ghost town. Thousands are on the move - a constant stream of humanity on the road. Who knows where all these people will end up? The families settle in inhospitable areas, many of them in the bush, where there is no chance of accessing healthcare… Malaria is endemic in the country, as is cholera, which increases whenever people are on the move like this or crowded into unsanitary camps… The people I met are also hungry, as they can’t go to their fields to harvest. It’s just too dangerous. If you are out alone trying to get to your land you can be shot or raped.”

News roundup

  • Photo slideshows: MSNBC & Time
  • A UN convoy brought limited humanitarian supplies into rebel-held territories yesterday, but found the camps around Rutshuru were empty. (On Friday, the UN Refugee Agency said it had received reports that a number of camps in had been “forcibly emptied, looted and burned“.) Rebels told journalists “We are bringing peace and then we will bring development“. Humanitarian sources say the rebels are preventing new camps from forming.
  • The UN Human Rights Commissioner has warned that “During previous outbreaks of fighting in this region, we have seen horrendous large-scale summary and arbitrary executions, rapes, disappearances, torture, harassment, unlawful arrest and arbitrary detention, not to mention wave after wave of mass displacement. Over the past days, a number of fresh violations have been recorded by UN human rights staff in the region… In Goma, the main perpetrators of looting, killings and rapes appear to have been renegade soldiers belonging to the national army, many of whom have fled the fighting. Other serious abuses, including targeted killings, have been reported from areas held by forces of the National Congress for the Defence of the People (CNDP), commanded by Laurent Nkunda.”
  • The Guardian, Associated Press and Human Rights Watch have denounced war crimes committed on November 4-5 in Kiwanja, 2 km north of Rutshuru, North Kivu, prompting the UN to launch an investigation.
  • Talk about talks: Nkunda has demanded to negotiate directly with Kabila, who has refused. Diplomatic efforts are underway to get Kagame and Kabila to meet face-to-face in Nairobi next week. The African Union is to hold emergency talks, and UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon is planning to visit DRC and Rwanda this weekend. Ban has appointed former Nigerian President Obasanjo to be his Special Envoy to DRC.
  • The head of UN peacekeeping says the overstretched UN force in DRC (MONUC) has been unfairly criticised for its failure to defend key towns and protect civilians. But outspoken critics include French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner, who says the force needs strengthening. British Foreign Secretary David Miliband has told the BBC, Channel 4 news that it’s possible the UK could send troops to the DRC as part of a possible European Union force, if requested (audio). New: Miliband’s written statement to Parliament. But Human Rights Watch say his words haven’t been backed by deeds.
  • Nkunda said the ceasefire doesn’t apply to the FDLR, and continued to battle them near Rutshuru (Bloomberg). Reports from humanitarian sources say the CNDP clashed with Congolese army and PARECO soldiers on Monday and Mayi Mayi militia on Tuesday.
  • More fighting was reported on Friday as African leaders and the UN Secretary-General attended a crisis summit in Nairobi (Daily Nation, Kenya). A separate southern African regional summit - a group that includes DRC, Angola, Zimbabwe and South Africa - has announced that it is sending military advisors to support the Congolese government and declared its readiness to deploy ‘peacemaking forces‘ if necessary. (Angolan troops have been observed in North Kivu since at least May.)

    • People queuing for food and water outside Goma.
    People queuing for food and water outside Goma. Photo by Oxfam.

Background briefings

Policy recommendations

The following 10 steps have been taken from a variety of sources (listed below) and are consistent with ‘Responsibility to Protect’ doctrine:

  1. Apply sustained, coherent and even-handed international pressure to ensure dialogue between the protagonists to work on acceptable problem-solving mechanisms instead of seeking to profit through dangerous alliances with proxy forces.
  2. Strengthen the UN mandate and answer UN requests for more, better-equipped troops (preferably including Special Forces) for MONUC, including through rapid deployment of a UN-mandated European Force, to secure strategic locations and protect civilians.
  3. Maximise efforts to help impartial specialist agencies like MSF and the ICRC get humanitarian assistance to those who need it. New: Impose strict measures to police and prevent the militarization of IDP camps.
  4. Regroup the Congolese army (FARDC) and bring it under firm control and new leadership as a matter of urgency. Senior officers must be vetted; no national army can succeed if it is led by war criminals and racketeers. The troops need better training and discipline, but also better conditions.
  5. Through political, economic and military pressure, isolate, diminish, disarm and disband all foreign and local militia groups.
  6. Enable more inclusive dialogue in DRC and Rwanda to address deeper problems including citizenship, property rights, management of natural resources and the return of refugees. In the process, listen to and inform the rural population and multiple minorities of the Kivus.
  7. Examine and control the mineral trade, including through more intrusive sanctions monitoring (e.g. flight inspections) and instruments such as the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and the UN Global Compact.
  8. Investigate and prosecute human rights abuses and war crimes through the Congolese courts and the International Criminal Court, whose Chief Prosecutor is “closely monitoring converging information about attacks against civilian populations, forced displacement of populations, murders, rapes, pillaging and looting” in North Kivu.
  9. Monitor, challenge and prosecute hate speech from politicians and the media in DRC, the Great Lakes region and the Diaspora.
  10. Review development assistance programmes to ensure that they abide by Do No Harm and OECD principles for engagement in fragile states while helping to build democracy and uphold the Rule of Law in DRC (and Rwanda).

Sources of policy recommendations, with sample quotes:

  • New: International Center for Transitional Justice: Nearly half the population surveyed in eastern Congo a year ago said they had faced death threats, suffered beatings, or been enslaved by armed groups. One-third had been abducted and held captive for more than a week, and fully 80% had been forcibly displaced from their homes either permanently or temporarily during the conflict. Nevertheless, an overwhelming majority of people surveyed expected the Congolese government to be able to deliver peace and security by means including truth commissions, dialogue, criminal justice and military defeat of armed groups. In a sharp rebuke to those who portray peace and justice as mutually exclusive, 82% of those surveyed said that accountability for war crimes was a necessary step toward securing peace.”
  • New: Refugees International: “The UN Security Council should underscore that civilian protection is MONUC’s primary responsibility, as outlined in resolution 1794, and provide clear guidance on how to fulfill this responsibility most effectively, while ensuring that it has the resources needed to do so.”
  • Council on Foreign Relations: “The problem in eastern Congo is analogous to the problem Sierra Leone faced in 2000, when a British intervention stabilized the country.” (With audio)
  • The Economist: “Plainly, the peacekeepers need reinforcing fast, with the right sort of troops. Instead of wringing its hands, the UN Security Council must resolve to send a robust force of extra troops forthwith.”
  • Human Rights Watch: “It’s up to the Congolese government, not Nkunda, to protect its Tutsi citizens.” New: Audio commentary by Anneke Van Woudenberg, Senior Researcher: “Starting a rebellion is seen as the fastest way to a promotion in DRC.”
  • Minority Rights Group: “The grievances of the Tutsi cannot justify the abuses committed by the CNDP.”
  • UK All-Party Parliamentary Group on the Great Lakes: “We should not return to the status quo. This crisis should be the occasion to redefine the international commitment to the Congo so that there can be a more effective effort to address the causes of the conflict. If we leave the fundamental problems to fester under the surface, all our other efforts – and the UK’s laudable investment in helping the Congo – will be built on sand.”
  • Amnesty International: “Deliberate or indiscriminate attacks against civilians and peacekeepers carrying out their duty of protecting civilians is a war crime, punishable under international law.”
  • Enough: “All sides must be held to account for the crimes committed, and the International Criminal Court must work with MONUC to investigate war crimes and crimes against humanity by all sides“
  • The Guardian (Comment Is Free): “Unless sufficient determination can be mustered to follow up with more inclusive dialogue to address deeper problems including citizenship, management of natural resources, government legitimacy and return of refugees, violent instability will continue to plague eastern Congo and unsettle the entire region.”

Further action

Margot Bokanga, a Congolese woman in Washington DC recently wrote:

“The demand for reform is urgent and palpable; although this reform may seem insurmountable it is how the Congolese people and government manage it that will determine the future of the country. By building partnership with those interested in Congolese affairs, the diaspora, and more importantly Congolese on the ground, I am confident that we can influence foreign policy in the West and policymaking in Kinshasa to serve the interests of the Congolese population regardless of ethnicity, religious background, and region of the country.

“In the coming years, it important that the government commit to engage in negotiation to end the conflict in the Kivus, building the economic and political institutions that will move the country forward, as resources can be utilised and economic growth promoted through share government revenues equitably. It will be crucial that our leaders look critically at the methods being employed to solve problems in the Congo as they possesses the seeds of its own destruction. We must learn from past mistakes.”

If you would like to help, but aren’t sure where to start, the following are some actions you could take. (No doubt you can think of other ideas, perhaps inspired by other campaigns - please let us know. Your comments and reports would be welcome.)

  • Write to your elected representative. Better still, ask to meet them. Bring a persuasive friend. (For those in the UK, there is likely to be a special parliamentary debate this Thursday. Refer to They Work For You to get your MP’s contact info.) Ask them what they think about these proposals, and ask if they have any links with the Congolese Assembly or the Rwandan Parliament. Find out if your country is currently a member of the UN Security Council. Ask how your government is responding to the humanitarian emergency, and whether this is proportionate to the needs.
  • New: join Avaaz in calling for rapid deployment of a European force.
  • Most news sites, blogs and radio shows encourage you to comment on the big stories. Add your voice, and draw on the material on this page and the links (please send us a link to your comment as well).
  • Media coverage will slip, taking some of the pressure off the politicians. Why not write to the editors (and your MP again) to tell them you want to know what happens next?
  • Find out which humanitarian and human rights organisations are doing valuable work in the Congo (e.g. ICRC, MSF, Norwegian Refugee Council, Oxfam, Heal Africa, Save the Children, Search for Common Ground, Woodrow Wilson International Center, Human Rights Watch). Ask for their recent reports and independent evaluations, as well as their programmes and codes of conduct. Join one of them.
  • If you are already a member of a club or organisation, consider how events in the Congo may be relevant to them. Discuss it.
  • Find and get to know any Congolese people in your school, college, workplace or neighbourhood. They may be surprised to know you care about what is happening there. Exchange information.
  • If you are in North Kivu, or know people there, you may be able to contribute to Ushahidi’s new incident reporting/mapping website by phone, email or the web. (’Ushahidi‘ means testimony in Swahili. The DRC site is brand new, but the system has previously been used in Kenya and South Africa.)
  • If you have a blog or website, link to this page and use the resources here to write your post.
  • Email the link to this page to friends and colleagues, with a personal message from you to introduce it.
  • New: write a message of congratulation to President Obama, calling attention to the action we are recommending in the Congo.


Ituri: Waiting for change. (Photo by Fred)

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Fred is living in hope that we'll all get better at collective, preventive action.
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13 Responses »

  1. iR2P » Action Articles » Message for President Obama » the individual Responsibility to Protect on November 5th, 2008 at 12:47 pm:

    [...] for Africa as a whole, and the people of the Great Lakes region in particular. We have collected analysis and 10 policy recommendations on the iR2P [...]

  2. Joseph on November 7th, 2008 at 6:18 pm:

    This comment was sent in by email:

    “The Congo issue shows how the world is not acting in the proper manner. Countries are rushing in with humanitarian aid and requesting for more UN forces but they have never raised their voices about the genociders who are fighting alongside the DRC forces.

    “DRC has always mentioned that the problem is Rwanda but I would say that they are behaving like Adam when God asked him where he is and he said it is the wife you gave me meaning Eva. Basically DRC is using Rwanda or Rwandese as a scapegoat.

    “DRC should chase the genociders out of its soil. Secondly they have to address the issue of identity because some congolese have been named Rwandaphone. This means they are not seen as Congolese rather they are seen as Rwandans. Otherwise the so-called UN or international community will organize a big meeting on Congo and they will have a nice turn up of all the invited guests and produce a good document but the recommendations will not be implemented as it has always been the case.

    “Am sorry for the innocent lives but it’s due to incapable leadership of the DRC that cannot try to sort out the real cause of the problem than just tackling the consequence of the problem.”

  3. Martin on November 7th, 2008 at 6:19 pm:

    The following report was sent to iR2P from Goma by email. (Checking permission to identify the author.)

    Although hundreds of people have been seen on the roads, heading north back to their homes after the rebels declared a unilateral ceasefire and opened up humanitarian corridors through their lines, residents in territories controlled by rebels loyal to renegade General Laurent Nkunda, such as Rutshuru, have expressed concern over the increasing violence done especially to the youths by the rebels.

    A man who only identifies himself as Ndikubwimana told reporters November 4 that youths in Rutshuru were in danger and were spending days hiding in bushes from the rebels.

    “Its true some of us have left camps and gone back to our homes after the rebels declared a ceasefire. We are however undergoing another dangers where Kabila’s refusals to negotiate with the rebels has obligated them to forcefully recruit more youth to fight the government” he said.

    He said that many of the youth spend days in hiding in fear of being forcefully recruited into the rebel forces. “A young man called Fred Nzabonimpa was recently killed by the rebels after refusing to join them and many others have been forcefully taken. That created fears for the rest of us and spending days in the bush hiding is currently unavoidable,” he said.

    The CNDP’s spokesperson Rene Abandi however denied the allegation. He said in a phone interview that people who complained were a few government supporters who intended to tarnish CNDP’s image to Congolese and to the international communities.

    “The people we are fighting are in the bush such as the Interahamwe and other armed forces. How then can our people, the people that we are defending run to hide in the same jungles?” he said.

    He said that people had resettled in all the areas under their control, “people have peace but this is not mentioned by the international community,” he stressed. He said the government was responsible for the current humanitarian crisis for refusing the peace talks.

  4. Fred on November 7th, 2008 at 6:30 pm:

    November 7 statement by 10 Congolese and international human rights and humanitarian agencies: “Civilians Under Attack Need Urgent Protection”

    United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and other African and international leaders meeting in Nairobi, Kenya, this weekend should take immediate action to protect civilians who are at severe risk in eastern Congo[...] The European Union (EU), whose foreign ministers are to meet in Brussels on November 10, should send immediate reinforcements to the beleaguered UN peacekeeping mission, MONUC, whose forces have been unable to halt abuses against civilians.

    A quarter of a million people have been forced to flee their homes since late August 2008 as a result of intense fighting between the forces of rebel general Laurent Nkunda and Congolese army soldiers and their allied militia. People have dispersed over a vast, inhospitable area without access to shelter, water, food, and medicines. The fighting has severely hampered the ability of aid agencies to reach those in need. With renewed fighting in the last two days, many more have been forced to run again in search of safety.

    “The world cannot look away again as thousands suffer in eastern Congo. The people of Congo deserve more,” said Juliette Prodhan, head of Oxfam in the Democratic Republic of Congo. “We have had fine words and important meetings but these must now be put into action by providing additional troops to safeguard the people. We need more urgency, more action and more commitment.”

    At least 100 civilians have been killed and more than 200 wounded since combat resumed in late August 2008 between the forces of the rebel commander Laurent Nkunda and Congolese army soldiers. Many of those killed were trapped in combat zones, unable to flee, while others were deliberately killed by combatants. Child protection agencies report that 37 children were recruited into military service last week by Mai Mai militia in the town of Rutshuru. An estimated 150 children have been forcibly recruited since heavy fighting resumed in August.

    With UN troops stretched thin and occupied on multiple fronts, increased military capacity is urgently required to keep the people of eastern Congo safe. In addition to the latest fighting in North Kivu, MONUC’s capacity is further stretched by the need to respond to armed groups attacking civilians in Ituri and in the Dungu area of Province Orientale, where the Lord’s Resistance Army last month attacked and kidnapped civilians, forcing tens of thousands to flee[...]

    “Action to protect civilians must be the top priority for international and regional leaders in Nairobi this weekend and for EU foreign ministers due to meet in Brussels on Monday,” said Kubuya Muhangi of CRONGD North Kivu. “Not responding to the demands of the UN secretary-general, who has requested reinforcements for MONUC, is not an option.”

    (Signatories to the statement include: ActionAid, ENOUGH, Human Rights Watch, Mercy Corps, Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC), Oxfam, Conseil Régional des Organisations Non Gouvernementales de Développement (CRONGD) - North Kivu, Promotion et Appui aux Initiatives Féminines (PAIF) – North Kivu, Institut Congolaise pour la Justice et la Paix (ICJP) – South Kivu, and Association des Femmes Juristes du Congo (AFEJUCO) – South Kivu.)

  5. Steve on November 8th, 2008 at 1:37 am:

    From a Burundian in the USA

    There is a point that I would like to make and everyone should know about all around the world. In the African Great Lakes Region, one genocide still leads to another because those who commit genocide are not dealt with.

    After the 1994 genocide against Tutsi in Rwanda, Rwandese armed forces (FAR) and Interahamwe militias were welcome to settle in East Congo. They were hosted as refugee, except that they pass the border with tanks and heavy weaponry. Mobutu’s government allowed them to keep their military equipment and to pursue their hunt for Tutsis while in asylum. Congo and the international community failed to neutralize, disarm and prosecute Rwandese armed forces (FAR) and Interahamwe militias who committed the Rwanda genocide against Tutsi in 1994. As a result, a second genocide was perpetrated against Tutsi populations based in East Congo, by those same people.

    In East Congo, Tutsis have not been the only civilians targeted by the FAR and Interahamwe. Other Congolese civilians, not belonging to the Tutsi community, have been massacred for not supporting the invasion of their land by foreign troops (FAR and Interahamwe).

    Try to imagine your own neighborhood invaded by Interahamwe militia men. Try to imagine Interahamwe militiamen showing up every day at your doorstep to collect food, to torture and rape your family members. That is what Congolese, Tutsi and Non-Tutsi, have been experiencing since 1994. Now, think that those militiamen would be in your neighborhood because they would be chasing some of your neighbors who belong to a certain minority. How would you feel towards that minority ? Solidarity ? Compassion ? Rejection ? I guess all of them, in that same order. That is what Congolese, Tutsi and Non-Tutsi, have been experiencing since 1994.

    As extreme human rights violations escalate to cause thousands of deaths, a lot of non-Tutsi Congolese started to feel that the cause of their misfortune was the presence of Tutsi in their neighborhood. A strong anti-Tutsi movement was born and made possible the rejuvenation of the Mai-Mai militias to safeguard the non-Tutsi Congolese populations. Mai-Mai did not do anything to protect Tutsi populations from Interahamwe, they even facilitated their persecution, hoping to see them leave. East-Congolese Tutsi had to organize and defend themselves before they all go extinct.

    It is in that context, that the Banyamulenge, Tutsis based in South Kivu, formed a rebel movement and joined AFDL (Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo-Zaire) to overthrow Mobutu’s government who had allowed Rwandese Interahamwe to invade their country to pursue their genocide plans, which had the vicious side effect of turning all other Congolese tribes against their Tutsi compatriots.

    The situation got complicated when Rwandese and Ugandan troops invaded Congo in support to Laurent-Desire Kabila’s AFDL. Interahamwe managed to ally Mai-Mai and other Congolese armed groups to contest the Congolese citizenship of Congolese Tutsis. The reasoning being that foreign powers (Uganda and Rwanda) had invaded Congo to put them in charge in Kinshasa, so they can sell Congolese huge resources to their Rwandese and Ugandan “brothers”.

    After Kabila seized power, he got rid of AFDL Tutsis and remove them from key government positions. Many Tutsi civilians were killed during that anti-Tutsi purge, including in the capital city of Kinshasa. In East-Congo, Tutsi had to re-organize into new groups to fight L.D. Kabila, as the survival of their community was, once again, put in jeopardy.

    This time, L.D. Kabila and later his son, Joseph, would side with Interahamwe and Mai-Mai to fight Tutsi rebels, with a second objective to reduce the number of Tutsis in East-Congo. Other Hutu extremists armed groups including CNDD-FDD (now ruling party in Burundi) and FNL-Palipehutu conducted joined operations with L.D. Kabila’s forces, Mai-Mai and Interahamwe, resulting in the massacre of countless Tutsi civilians in the Kivus. Angola and Zimbabwe also came in support to Congolese governmental forces. This is often referred to as the Second Congo War (1998-2003).

    In 2003, peace was signed between belligerents and a transitional government was created. A prominent Tutsi rebel, Azarias Ruberwa became vice-president. However nothing really changed for Tutsi civilians. Although the peace agreement was conditioned on the neutralization of Interahamwe, nothing happened. The Rwandese genocide perpetrators continued to recruit, accumulate wealth, expanding geographically and of course violating human rights at a larger scale.

    Some Tutsi leaders were enjoying the perks of power-sharing in Kinshasa while the people they were supposed to represent were still dying like flies. This created in gap between top Tutsi leaders in Kinshasa and those who in the field were seeing they had been duped. General Laurent Nkunda is one of those who believed that Joseph Kabila was not sincere in his promise to protect Congolese populations from Interahamwe.

    General Nkunda refused to disarm as long as Interahamwe and their allies would prey on Congolese Tutsi populations. He has rejected many appealing top positions in Kinshasa, as Kabila’s government has been trying to buy him out of North Kivu for a while. General Nkunda has said multiple times that nothing will get him out of North Kivu as long as his country will be occupied by armed foreign genocide perpetrators who came to destroy the precious interethnic harmony that existed between communities in Congo. He has called his fellow Congolese citizens to help him make the case against Interahamwe and demand that they be neutralized.

    Some of the Congolese political leaders (mostly Tutsis) based in Northern Kivu are starting to join General Nkunda, as reported by BBC last week. It is becoming obvious that the only way out of the war cycle in East Congo is to
    eliminate the Interahamwe threat. Failure to do so has caused, directly and indirectly, 2 to 3 million deaths in Congo, in addition to 1 million deaths in Rwanda. Failure to eliminate the Interahamwe will cause at least as many deaths as it has so far, as their momentum can only be strengthened by the leniency of the international community. The Interahamwe situation needs to be taken seriously and addressed with force and vigor. No matter what it will take, it will be the right thing to do. Too many lives are in the balance. The human catastrophe occurring in the East Congo,
    under the UN observation, must end now. The world managed to overcome A. Hitler. I have a hard time believing that the world is failing to overcome Interahamwe…

    In the African Great Lakes Region, one genocide still leads to another because those who commit genocide are not dealt with. This situation is simply not acceptable.

  6. HRW on November 10th, 2008 at 3:03 pm:

    Tom Porteous of Human Rights Watch is critical of British Foreign Secretary David Miliband for ‘talking up human rights’ while blocking deployment of an EU force to the Congo (The Independent, Mon 10 Nov

  7. Global Voices Online » DR Congo: Fighting Continues on November 10th, 2008 at 5:50 pm:

    [...] of background briefings and policy recommendations on the DRC, as well as ideas for action, see the Individual Responsibility to Protect blog. Posted by Elia Varela Serra  Print Version Share [...]

  8. Global Voices na srpskom » DR Kongo: Borbe se nastavljaju on November 12th, 2008 at 9:47 pm:

    [...] Za opsežnu listu propratnih uputstava i polisa preporuke o Demokrstskoj Republici Kongo, kao i za ideje o akciji, pogledajte Individual Responsibility to Protect blog. [...]

  9. Global Voices auf Deutsch » Demokratische Republik Kongo: Die Kämpfe gehen weiter on November 14th, 2008 at 11:10 am:

    [...] Eine ausführliche Liste von Hintergrund-Berichten und Handlungsempfehlungen, sowie Ideen für Aktionen finden Sie auf dem Individual Responsibility to Protect Blog. [...]

  10. Readers Edition » Demokratische Republik Kongo: Die Kämpfe gehen weiter on November 15th, 2008 at 3:12 am:

    [...] Eine ausführliche Liste von Hintergrund-Berichten und Handlungsempfehlungen, sowie Ideen für Aktionen finden Sie auf dem Individual Responsibility to Protect Blog. [...]

  11. Global Voices in Italiano » Rep. Dem. del Congo: proseguono i combattimenti on November 18th, 2008 at 11:27 am:

    [...] Per un’ampia raccolta di utili informazioni e raccomandazioni operative sulla RDC e sui possibili interventi concreti, si rimanda al blog Individual Responsibility to Protect[in]. [...]

  12. Groupe Martin Luther King on December 5th, 2008 at 3:52 pm:

    Thank you for all you are doing for DRCongo in informing the world about the congolese crisis. In fact; the Groupe Martin Luther King is an association for non violence ; human rigths and peace based in Goma; Nord-Kivu province in the East of the democratic Republic of Congo in central africa. We need you support. It could be better to have an Never Again Democratic republic of Congo chapter.

    Christophe Nyambatsi Mutaka
    President of Groupe Martin Luther King
    Phone number: +243 997703479

  13. Gino Van de Walle on December 7th, 2008 at 8:33 pm:

    When will the politians of the world finally stop talking and start taking some serious action in order to make an end to this cruelty? It’s also time for a change in that region!
    http://ginovandewalle.com/the-worlds-need-to-help-eastern-congo-now-this-cruelty-must-stop/

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